CAD-integrated topology optimization method with dynamic extrusion feature evolution for multi-axis machining

This paper proposes a subtractive geometry projection topology optimization approach to simulate the multi-axis machining process and remove material from initial design domain. Each geometric primitive is described by plane extrusion operation based on 2D closed cubic spline curve controlled boundary points. The reference for 3D can freely rotate translate in space optimization. then projected onto mesh Heaviside function modify density distribution. cutting primitives are combined using p-norm aggregation produce final design. method of moving asymptotes implemented optimize each analytical gradients. One major advantages proposed its ability readily integrate modeling history into process, paving way construct commercial CAD compatible designs.